Digging in the Mud and Sand
Thru some strange happenstance, I found myself in Gamagori at a small beach hanging out with other whiteys on Saturday. Shef had rented a boat and was periodically taking people out into the bay; I opted to stay behind with the grill and work on my sunburn.
After awhile, we got bored, and started digging through the silt for clams and mussels to grill. As the tide went out, the ancient locals were busy tearing up the beach looking for shellfish, yet finding very little. I couldn't for the life of me reason why as most of the clams and mussels we found we simply plucked out of the water. As it turns out, pretty much all of the Japanese present were digging for oysters and not really finding any. It seemed a shame as there were delicious mussels aplenty.
In an effort to piece together what I think about things, lately I've been reading Lao Zi in considerable depth (and thus ignoring most of the useless commentaries people have written) and searching for videos on Youtube of all those bands I listened to in high school (think bland Seattle alt rock and Midwest industrial and you pretty much will have conjured my 9th grade mixed tapes). Lao Zi, I hate to admit, seems much more relevant.
道可道,
非常道。
名可名,
非常名。
It's the very first thing he says, so simple yet completely incomprehensible: "the way you can way is not the real way; the name you can name is not the real name." I choose this (meaningless) translation as a foil to what I've come to realize is the predominant stream in English translations of classical Chinese texts, which would render the above as "the Tao that can be defined, is not the Eternal Tao" (yes, even with the lame, random capitalization) "the Name that can be named, is not the Eternal Name." What the foo-foo translation misses is that 道 is being used as both a noun and a verb, which is perfectly normal, thus ruining the force of the repetition of those syllables. Lao zi takes what is a perfectly normal word and makes it seem peculiar by rehearsal. Say the word melon over and over to yourself and after awhile it takes on a kind of surreal yet meaningless aura, for lack of a better word.
But let's take the mundane reading one step farther. In modern Chinese--and Japanese as well--the phrase 非常 simply means "unusual" (though in Japanese it also means "emergency" as in 非常口, an "emergency exit") or "peculiar." If we superimpose that meaning back on our translation, we get something like "the way you can way, is a peculiar way; the name you can name, is a peculiar name." Which is to say, the way you go is the only option open to you; like an emergency exit, you're pretty much stuck with what you've got, lest you die in a fire like a moron. And because peculiarity in this language is also associated with greatness, it's tempting to see the one way, the one name you've chosen for yourself as the ideal.
This is the trap the old ladies fell into. In the grand scheme of shellfish, oysters > mussels, oysters become the one path, thus they walk away from a beach teaming with edible life, empty handed.
My friends and I, with our varying degrees of fluency, stepped into the water with little intention but to wet our feet and splash each other. We came back to the grill with a frisbee piled high with mussels that everyone agreed were the tastiest of all the foods we'd cooked.
3 Comments:
Are you saying that I was wrong all those times I refused to stop and eat McDonald's on the PA Turnpike, even when I was starving, because I can't stand McDonald's?
I like this entry a hell of a lot, and even more so because given the small number of characters involved in the Lao Zi passage, I can actually SEE what you're talking about.
I know you don't like Greek, but there are a number of moments in Sophoclean verse that work in almost exactly the same way. Oedipus, impatiently looking at his watch, waiting for Kreon to come back from the oracle:
hotan d' hiketai, tenikaut' ego kakos
me dron an eien panth' hos' an deloi theos. (OT, 76-77)
Given the bizarre recursive-anticipatory movement of poetic Greek, in which the meaning of a full statement never becomes entirely clear until the last word is spoken, and given the fact that performance is aural-serial rather than visual-parallel (like a text), what do our friends the Athenians hear hanging at the end of the first line? "I'm a shitbag." At the end of the second line, with that first impression in mind, they hear "I WOULD BE a shitbag if I didn't do everything the god tells us to do." As a result, the false indicative "I'm a shitbag" shines through the optative "I WOULD BE a shitbag", telling us in a low voice that Oedipus, try as he may, will not be able to do everything the god commands, or if he is, it'll turn out badly: hence, he really is a shitbag. (It might be a stretch, but you could also read the optative as a quasi-hortatory: "May I prove to be a shitbag if such-and-such is not the case"!) Another example:
tonde gar pleon phero
to penthos e kai tes emes psuches peri. (OT, 93-94)
The combination of a comparative with a genitive "tonde ... pleon" suggests "more than these" much more immediately than "more for their sake"; bridging the line-end, we hear "I bear more sorrow than these (sc., the Thebans) do", which turns into "I am more concerned with their suffering than I am about my own soul/life." Oedipus does in fact bear more penthos than the Thebans do, without knowing it, and the irony is redoubled when we realize he should, in fact, be more concerned with his own soul if he is to relieve the suffering of those around him.
In either case, whether Lao Zi or Sophocles, the point is that the poet can actually make use of the open-ended character of certain syntactical constructions, whether those depend on exigencies of idiom (your example, or e.g. the diff. between "that's shit" and "that's the shit") or on the completion of complex grammatical units that only take full shape when the utterance is complete.
PS. Your pun on 'fluency' was not unnoticed.
I see what your getting at, though given Lao Zi's lengthy discourse on the relationships of strength/dryness/rigidity/death and weakness/wetness/subtlety/life, the Antigone seems to provide better parallels and ends up, eerily, saying the same thing.
My entirely non-canonical take on the burial of Polynices: Antigone tries not so much to bury Polynices but kill him once and for all. Exposed (and oozing puss [usually "damp"=mydao] as the guard insists on saying), he is alive (and metaphorically, diseased); he continues to assault the city with the plague that in a way is his true birthright. Covered, he almost goes unnoticed, he is as hard and dry as the earth (dry here, interestingly, being styphlos, which is used to describe not only barren land but barren women as well, thus lifeless), and as such dissolved into a kind of forgetting the city needs.
Kreon's crime, if there is one, isn't against the gods--what Antigone explicitly accuses him of--but against himself and the city. In keeping Polynices "alive," he also keeps alive the viral suffering that family has wrought on the city.
Kreon, by metaphorically resurrecting Polynices again and again, represents a new plague on the land, as Oedipus was, a force of life that is in fact harmful.
Antigone thinks she understands the solace death can provide, and as such wishes it for herself as well. The chorus praises her for going to her death oute phthinasin plegeisa nosois (819), to which she responds with her horror at the tale of the death of Niobe (which is not the one I'm familiar with) replete with imagery of water and clinging ivy.
Getting back to what I was saying about Lao Zi, though, Antigone has set for herself a path which she has rehearsed over and over again in her mind and can't help but see as ideal, even though to the audience the presentation of the imagery makes it clear that she's completely bonkers.
Sophocles is playing on our expectations of what the symbols should mean (wet=life=good, dry=death=bad) just as, you say in the Oedipus tyrannos he plays on what we expect characters to say.
I'll leave it at that, even though I have a great deal to say about the translation of hesson as "weaker" when Kreon uses it, and what I think is the doble entendre in the phrase gynaikos hessones.
Post a Comment
<< Home